Waghorne's* Composite Family

III.—Compositae. Composite Family.

294. Achillea Millefolium, L. Yarrow, Milfoil (Dead Man’s Daisy). Common in fields. Lab: Forteau. August, (rose-coloured). Flora Miq., common, July, August. Var. nigrescens, E. Meyer. Lab: Nain (Bell, Cat. III., 552), Caribou Island (Butler), and Hopedale (Weiz-Packard).

295. A. Ptarmica, L. Introduced, Harbour Grace (McGill Coll. Herb.---Cat. II., 251).

296. Arnica alpine, Murr. Lab: Nachvak and Cape Chimney (Bell) Cat. II., 261; III., 535.

297. Antennaria alpine, L. Everlasting. Lab: (Kolmeister---Cat. II., 236), Hopedale (Weiz), and Caribou Island (Butler) Packard.

298. A. Carpathica, R. Br. Wet, boggy places and river margins, (Gray) Cat. II., 237.

299. A. dioica, Gaertn. Mountain Cudweed or Everlasting. From Newfoundland to Labrador, and the extreme Arctic regions and dry mountain pastures of the Rocky Mountains (Cat. II., 236). S. John’s (Miss Southcott); Exploits (A.C.W.---Fowler). Rocky banks. July.

300. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. (Reeks), Badger’s Brook (Revd. I. H. Bull---Fowler); Middle Arm, B. of I. Rocky bed of S.W. Arm River. Holyrood (Robinson and Schrenk). Sea cliff. Open woods. June to September.

301. Anaphalis margaritacea, Benth and Hook. Pearly Everlasting. (Reeks). Common on dry soil along the margins of fields and borders of woods, from Newfoundland to the Pacific (Cat. II., 237). Rocky hills, S. John’s and Holyrood (Robinson and Schrenk); Bay S. George (Howley and Bell). Common about B. of I. and Trinity Bay (A.C.W.) July.

302. Artemisia borealis, Pall. var. spithamaeae, T. & G. Lab: (Kolmeister, Cat. II., 255). Hopedale Island (Weiz-Packard).

303. A. Canadensis, Mx. Near Badger’s Brook (Revd. I.H. Bull---Fowler); in the Bay of Islands, Middle Arm, near Rope Cove, Chimney Cove and Goose Arm (A.C.W.---Fowler and Robinson). Woods, sea cliffs, and sandy plains; dry river bed. July and August.

304. A. Absinthium, L. Wormwood. Naturalized in numerous places by roadsides, in lanes, and about dwellings, from Newfoundland to the western part of Ontario. (Gray, Cat. II., 259).

305. Arctium Lappa, L. Burdock. S. John’s (Professor Holloway---Fletcher). In leaf only, but probably var. minus, Holyrood (Robinson and Schrenk). 307. A. Cotula, D.C. Clode’s Sound, Bonavista Bay (Robinson and Schrenk). Frenchman’s Cove, B. of I. Garden weed and about buildings. August and September.

308. Aster macrophyllus, L. Large-leaved Aster. I cannot find my authority for this plant.

309. A. Radula, Ait. Rasp-leaved Aster. (Cat. II., 219). West of Random (Cormack); S. John’s (Miss Southcott); New Harbour and S. Anthony, N.E. coast, (collected by myself and named by Prof. Macoun); Benton, Bonavista Bay (A.C.W.---Fowler). Rocky bank Manuel’s River (Robinson and Schrenk). Lab: (Butler, cat. II., 219); collected by myself at Battle Harbour and L’anse au Loup (Macoun). August and September. Wet places. Flora Miq., damp marl, rarely dry places; very common. Var. strictus, Gray. Rocky hills, S. John’s; moist open ground at confluence of Exploit and Badger’s River; Grand Lake, B. of I. (Robinson). Lab: (Pursh, Cat. II., 219); Hopedale (Weiz-Packard); Square Islands and Capstan Island (A.C.W.---Macoun and Eaton). Bogs and wet places. August.

310. A. laevis, L. Little Harbour, near B of I. (A.C.W.---Trelease,---“inflorescence more corymbose and bracts more foliaceous, and not so green-tipped”). September.

311. A. paniculatus, L. Harbour Breton, Fortune Bay, (A.C.W.---Macoun).

312. A. salicifolius, Ait. Harbour Breton (A.C.W.---Macoun).

313. A. Novi-Belgii, L. Exploits River (Robinson and Schrenk); near Frenchman’s Cove and Coal River, B. of I. (A.C.W.---Robinson). The latter was reported as A. tardiflorus by Prof. Fowler. Wet places. September. Vide A. longifolius below, No. 315.

314. A. tardiflorus, L. Long-leaved Aster. S. John’s Beach and Lark Harbour, B. of I. (A.C.W.---Fowler); New Harbour, Trinity Bay, and Harbour Breton, Fortune Bay (A.C.W.---Macoun). Lab: (Gray, Cat. III., 545); Battle Harbour (Bull); Fox Harbour, Hawk’s Bay and Cartwright (A.C.W.---Macoun); L’anse au Mort. (A.C.W.---Fowler). August and September.

315. A. longifolius, Law. Near meadows, B. of I. (A.C.W.---Robinson). Reported by Mr. Covelle as A. Novae-Angliae, var. banks. September.

316. A. punicius, L. Red-stalked Aster or Starwort (Reeks). New Harbour and Harbour Breton (A.C.W.---Macoun); river banks, Salmonier, common (Robinson and Schrenk); Benton, Bonavista Bay (A.C.W.---Fowler). Woods. August and September. Lab: Lake Michikamov (A.L. Low---C.H. Geo. S. of C., VI., 6); L’anse au Loup (A.C.W.---Fowler). September. Var. lucidulus, Gray. Was named by Dr. Trelease and found in the Bay of Islands. Var. firmus, T. & G. (=v. laevicantes, Gray). A doubtful specimen of Mr. Howley’s from Bay S. George (Macoun). Lab: Deep Water Creek (A.C.W.---Macoun; reported as doubtful). Var. ? Shoal Point, B. of I. (A.C.W.---Trelease). Woods. August.

317. A. acuminatus, Mx. I cannot give the authority for this.

319. A. nemoralis, Ait. Wood Aster. Harbour Grace Cat. III., 227); West of Random (Cormack); S. John’s (Prof.) Holloway---Fowler); Harbour Breton (Macoun), and Seal Rocks, Sandy Point, Bay S. George (A.C.W.---Fowler); Balley Hally bog, S. John’s (Robinson and Schrenk). Bogs. August. Flora Miq., very common.

320. A. linariifolius, L. Double-bristled Aster. (Cormack, Cat. II., 229).

321. A. umbellatus, Mill. (Cat. II., 229) S. John’s (Miss Southcott---Fletcher); S. George’s Bay (Howley---Macoun); collected by the compiler at South Side, Harbour Grace, Harbour Breton and Bay Bull’s Arm; named by Prof. Macoun, and at Clode Sound (Trelease). Common, especially along streams. Manuel’s, Conception Bay (Robinson and Schrenk). Wet places. August and September.

322. Bidens frondosa, L. Common Bigger-tick, Stick Tight. Near meadows.

323. Centaurea Cyanus, L. Blue-Bottle. Introduced, (Reek).

324. C. nigra, L. Black Knapweed (Broad Weed and French Clover) (Reeks). S. John’s (Miss Southcott and R. & S.). Apsey Beach (B. of I.). Fields. July and August. 326. Cnicus lanceolatus, Hoffm. Common Roadside Thistle. Manuel’s (R. & S.); Norman’s Cove, Trinity Bay, Birchy Cove, B. of I. Cleared ground, roadsides. August.

327. C. muticus, Pursh. Glutinous or Swamp Thistle. Horse Tops, in White Bay (Reeks). Englee and other places in White Bay, and in New Harbour, Trinity Bay; S. Paul’s Bay (Bullman); Exploit’s River (R. & S.). July---September.

328. C. pumilus, Torr. Pasture Thistle. Flat Bay (Bell).

329. C. arvensis, Pursh. Canada or Field Thistle. Hopedale, Trinity Bay (Macoun), and Birchy Cove, B. of I. (A.C.W.---Fowler); Bonne Bay (Bullman); Great Cod Roy River (Bell); S. John’s (R. & S.). Wayside. July---September.

330. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. Great White Large Daisy, (Bachelor’s Buttons), (Reeks); S. John’s, common (R. & S.); Birchy Cove, and a few other places about Bay of Islands. Pastures. July and August. Lab: Battle Harbour, and by paths over hill near Forteau Lighthouse (A.C.W.---Fowler). August and September.

331. Erigeron acris, L. Fleabane. Lab: (Torr and Gray, Cat. II., 234). Var. Droebachianus, Blytt. Lab: (Gray, Cat. II., 235); Hopedale (Weiz-Packard). Var. debilis, Gray. Lab: Lab. North, and Hudson Bay (Gray, Cat. III., 548).

332. E. Canadense, L. Fireweed (Reeks).

333. E. strigosus, Muhl. Bay S. George (Howley---Macoun); Badger Brook (Revd. I.H. Bull---Fowler). July.

334. E. eriocephalus, I. Vahl. Lab: Cape Chidley (Bell, Cat. III., 347).

335. E. Philadelphicus, L. Canadian or Common Fleabane. (Reeks).

336. E. uniflorus, L. One-flowered Fleabane. Lab : (Kolmeister, Cat. II., 31); Nachvak and Cape Chidley (Bell, Cat. III., 549); Hopedale (Weiz-Packard).

337. E. annuus, Pers. One solitary specimen in oats in recently cleared land at Deer Lake (A.C.W.---Fowler). August.

338. Erechites hieracifolia, Raf. Fireweed. Moist places in recently burnt clearings. Very common throughout Newfoundland and Canada, and extending west to the Saskatchewan (Cat. II., 262).

339. Eupatorium purpureum, L. Joe Pye’s weed. The Gould's and S. John’s (Miss Southcott); Bay S. George (Howley---Macoun); Topsail (Bell, Cat. III., 541). In Bay of Islands, collected by myself; Apsey Beach (Fowler); Shoal Point and Coal River (Trelease); New Harbour, Trinity Bay (A.C.W.), and Cormack, in the same Bay; Salmonier River, and “a form passing to var. amoenum, Gray, was collected on the Manuel’s River (R. & S.).” Wet places and sea cliffs. August and September. Prof. Macoun says (Cat. III., 541):---“Our specimens of this species nearly all belong to the variety maculatum;” and he evidently includes Dr. Bell’s Topsail plant; but all my specimens have been referred to the species itself.

340. Gnaphalium Norvegicum, Sunner. Highland Cudweed. Lab: (Torr and Gray, Cat. II., 238); Hopedale (Weiz-Packard).

341. G. supinum, Vill. Mountain or Dwarf Cudweed or Everlasting. Englee, White Bay (A.C.W.---Fowler). Banks. September. Lab: (Morrison, Cat. II., 238); Hopedale (Weiz-Packard).

342. G. uliginosum, L. Mud or Low Cudweed. New Harbour (A.C.W.); Summerside, B. of I., and Sandy Point, Bay S. George (A.C.W.---Fowler). Marshy meadows. Quiddi Vidi Lake, slender uliginous form, and in the bushy branched form; very abundant in burned regions. Holyrood (R. & S.). August.

343. Hieracium pilosella, L. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. S. John’s (Prof. Holloway---Fowler).

344. H. Canadense, Mx. Canadian Hawkweed. Harbour Deep, White Bay. In Trinity Bay, New Harbour and Bay Bull’s Arm (Macoun). In and near the Bay of Islands and Little Harbour and Grand Lake (A.C.W.---Fowler); Manuel’s River (R. & S.). Lakeside, roadside, and rocky river banks. August—October. Lab: L’anse au Clair (A.C.W.---Fowler). August. Flora Miq., damp, peaty places. Rare.

345. H. vulgatum, Frier. “Less frequent than the preceding, and occurring in cervices of rocks by swift streams and waterfalls, Holyrood and the cataract of the Rocky River. To all appearances, indigenous. The leaves are nearly all mottled” (R. & S.). A doubtful specimen from New Harbour (A.C.W.). August. Lab: (Kolmeister, Cat. II., 275); Hopedale Islands (Weiz-Packard).

346. H. scabrum, Mx. Bay S. George (Howley---Macoun). In Bay of Islands, Coal River, and possibly Grand Lake (A.C.W.---Fowler). September.

347. Knautia arvensis, Coult. Field Knautia or Scabious S. John’s (Miss Southcott).

348. Lactuca Canadensis, L. Field Lettuce. Trinity Bay (Cormack); Harbour Breton, Fortune Bay (A.C.W.) Doubtful.

349. L. leucophaea, Gray. (Cat. II., 281).Bay de l’eau, Fortune Bay (Macoun), and McIver’s Cove, Bay of Islands (A.C.W.---Fowler). Borders of fields. August.

350. Leontodon autumnale, L. Fall Dandelion (Horse Dandelion, August Flower). “Naturalized by becoming abundant in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec” (Cat. II., 277). Common, at any rate about Fortune and Trinity Bay, S. John’s, and the Bay of Islands (A.C.W.) Fields and roadsides. July---September. Flora Miq.

351. Matricaria inodora, L. Wild Chamomile. Harbour Grace (McGill Coll. Herb., Cat. II., 253). Only on rubbish heaps, S. John’s (R. & S.); Trinity Bay (A.C.W.) August.

352. Inula Helenium, L. Common Elecampane. Jackson’s Arm, White Bay (Bullman). Rocky ground. August.

353. Petasites palmate, Gray. Butterbun, Sweet Coltsfoot. “Swamps and shady banks of streams from Newfoundland and Labrador to Rocky Mountains (Richardson, Cat. II., 260); White Bay (Revd. S. I. Andrewes---Macoun). Lab: Hopedale (Weiz---Packard).

354. Prenanthes alba, L. White Lettuce. *(PIGROOT). (Cormack, Cat. II., 282). (Reeks). Flora Miq., very common in bushes. August.

355. P. serpentaria, Pursh. Rattlesnake Root. Trinity Bay (Cormack), and New Harbour Brook (?) (A.C.W.); S. John’s (Miss Southcott and Lady Blake), and Bay D’Espoir in Hermitage Bay; all named by Prof. Macoun. Var. Nana, Gray. Holyrood and S. John’s (R. & S.). Rocky hillsides, 6 inches to 21/2 feet high. August. Lab: L’anse au Clair (A.C.W.---Fowler). September.

356. P. altissima, L. Tall White Lettuce. (Reeks) (Cormack, Cat. II., 282).

357. Onopordon Acanthium, L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle. Harbour Grace (Clift).

358. Rudbeckia hirta, L. Coneflower. S. John’s and Holyrood, not yet abundant, (R. & S.). Near meadows, Bay of Islands (A.C.W.---Fowler); Tiddleton, near Conception Bay (Clift---Macoun). Fields. August.

359. Senecio aureus, L. Golden Groundsel, Common Ragwort. “From Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky

The Flora Miquelonensis remarks on this plant,---“Pigs are very fond of the root known as the plant under the name of ‘Mountain Turnip.’ It gives to the flesh an excellent flavour.” Mountains and the Pacific.” (Cat. II., 264); (Reeks); S. John’s (Professor Holloway---Fletcher); Salmonier and near Placentia Junction (R. & S.); near Badger Brook (Bull---Fowler); by myself in the Bay of Islands at Benoit’s Cove, McIver’s Cove and other places (Fowler & Coville); White Bay (Macoun). Bogs. June and July. Lab: found by myself at Capstan Island, L’anse au Clair, and Forteau, in the Straits of Belle Isle (Fowler and Eaton). July---August. Var. obovatus, T. & G. Bay East River, Hermitage Bay (Howley---Macoun). Var. borealis, T. & G. Lab: (Gray, Cat. II., 265); Nachvak (Bell, Cat. III., 354); Hopedale Islands (Weiz---Packard). Var. discoideus, Hook. Lab: (Pursh, Cat. III., 265); by myself at Forteau (Eaton). July. Var. Balsamitae, T. & G. Holyrood and Exploit’s River (R. & S.); Chimney Cove, Birchy Cove, and on the Bay of Islands (Fowler and Robinson). June. Lab: at Forteau and L’anse au Mort (Fowler), and Long Point, Hamilton Inlet (Macoun); (Butler). Swamps. June---August.

360. S. frigidus, Less. “Newfoundland (?) and Labrador” (Gray, Cat. II., 267).

361. S. palustris, Hook. Marsh Groundsel or Fleawort. Lab: Indian Harbour, North (Revd. W. How---Macoun). Var. congestus, Hook. Battle Harbour (Bull); a northern form at Seal Islands (A.C.W.); both determined by Prof. Macoun. Marshes. August.

362. S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. False Arnica. Newfoundland and Labrador (Hooker, Cat. II., 267); Harbour Breton (Macoun), and Sandy Point, Bay S. George (Fowler); several places about the entrance to Bay of Islands (A.C.W.) Lab: (Butler); Hopedale Islands (Weiz---Packard); Battle Harbour (Bull---Macoun); by myself at L’anse au Mort (Fowler); and further north about Sandwich Bay. Sea beach and sandy places. July and August. Flora Miq., dry and stony places. July, August.

363. S. vulgaris, L. Common Groundsel. “Newfoundland and Labrador and Hudson Bay (Hooker, Cat. II., 263); appears to be common everywhere in and about gardens;” sandy shore, strange to say, Flat Bay (Bell).

364. S. sylvaticus, L. Railway ballart, Whitbourne; abundant (R. & S.). August.

365. S. Jacoboea, L. Common Ragwort. S. John’s (R. & S.) Roadsides, August.

366. Sonchus asper, Vill. Spiney Sow Thistle. New Harbour (A.C.W.), and Bay d’Espoir, Hermitage Bay (Mrs. Gallop---Macoun). August.

367. S. arvensis, L. Corn or Field Sow Thistle. “Abundant along roadsides and in fields from Newfoundland throughout the Atlantic Provinces and Quebec” (Cat. II., 283); New Harbour (A.C.W.). Gravel banks in Salmonier River, exclusively with native plants, as if indigenous (R. & S.) August.

368. S. oleraceus, L. Common Sow Thistle. Fields. Placentia (R. & S.). In Trinity Bay, at Heart’s Content (Miss Southcott); and at Rawdon and New Harbour (A.C.W.). “Naturalized from Newfoundland to Manitoba and B. Columbia” (Cat. II., 283). August.

369. Solidago rugosa, Mill. Tall Golden Rod. Holyrood. A smoothish form was collected in open woods near S. John’s (R. & S.); at Harbour Breton (Macoun); in Bay of Islands, at Little Harbour, and Lark Harbour (Fowler); and at Benton, Bonavista Bay (Trelease) by myself. Fields and wet woods. August, September.

370. S. arguta, Ait. (Reeks).

371. S. bicolor, L. v. concolor, T. & G. White Bay (Bullman); in Bay of Islands, at Apsey Beach, and Shoal Point (Fowler). Two other specimens are referred to this plant by Dr. Robinson, one from Goose Arm (Called S. nemoralis, “low canescent form” by Dr. Trelease), and the other from Coal River (said to be S. humilis, by Prof. Fowler). Sea cliffs and woods. August.

372. S. Canadensis, L. Canadian or Common Golden Rod. (Reeks). Trinity Bay (Cormack); S. John’s (Miss Southcott); Bay S. George (Mr. Howley---Macoun); Harbour Breton, Fortune Bay (A.C.W.), also by myself at Goose Arm; Bay of Islands (Fowler). Lab: L’anse au Clair (A.C.W.---Fowler). Woods. August, September.

373. S. caesia, L. ? Var. flexicaulis, Hook. I don’t see the authority for these.

374. S. humilis, Pursh. (Herb. Banks, Cat. II., 213); collected by myself at Long Cove, Trinity Bay, and at Harbour Breton; in Fortune Bay (Macoun); at Gander and Exploit’s River, Notre Dame (Drummond, E.E.---Macoun). Lab: (McGill Coll. Herb., Cat. II., 213---Ungava, just outside our Northern limit).

375. S. juncea, Ait.? S. John’s (Miss Southcott)[?].

376. S. latifolia, L. Trinity Bay (Cormack); at Lark Harbour (Fowler). Woods. September.

377. S. multiradiata, Ait. Harbour Breton (A.C.W.). Lab: collected by myself at Mullin’s Cove, Hamilton Inlet, and Independent Sandwich Bay (Macoun), and Forteau, in the Straits (Fowler). July, August.

378. S. serotina, Ait. var. gigantea, Gray. Gigantic Golden Rod. “Borders of thicket and low grounds. Common throughout Canada, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and westward to the Pacific” (Cat. II., 216); New Harbour (A.C.W.).

379. S. squarrosa, Muhl. Ragged golden Rod. Flora Miq., Chappean Hill. Common.

380. S. Terrae-Novae, T. & G. (Pylaie, Cat. II., 215, Whitbourne. “Clearly a more corymbosely branched form of S. uliginosa, towards which intergradations were found near the Exploits River” (R. & S.). Bogs. August. Flora Miq., Chappean Hill. Common.

381. S. puberula, Nutt. White Bay (Bullman). August.

382. S. nemoralis, Ait. White Bay (Bullman). Banks. August. (Vide S. bicolor, var. concolor, No. 371, above).

384. S. macrophylla, Pursh. S. John’s (Miss Southcott and R. & S.); by myself at New Harbour, Trinity Bay, Harbour Breton in Fortune Bay (Macoun); Lark Harbour (Colville), and Goose Arm (Robinson); Bay of Islands and at Benton, Bonavista Bay (Colville). Lab: (McGill Coll. Herb., Cat. II., 212); Ford’s Harbour (Bell, Cat. III, 543); by myself at Forteau and L’anse au Clair (Fowler) in the Straits, and north of this at Battle Harbour, Deep Water Creek, and Venison Tickle (Macoun). Woods. August---October.

385. S. uliginosa, Nutt. Swamp Golden Rod. “Newfoundland, to, and beyond the Rocky Mountains in the wooded country” (Cat. II., 214); S. John’s (Miss Southcott); by myself at new Harbour and Bay Bull’s Arm; Trinity Bay (A.C.W.); in Bay of Islands at Shoal Point (Fowler); and near Riverhead (Robinson); and at Benton, Bonavista Bay (F.); Exploit’s River, etc. (R. & S.). Wet places and woods. August.

386. S. Virgaurea, L. var. alpine, Bigel. Nipper’s Harbour and Belt Cove, Notre Dame Bay (Bull---Macoun). Lab: Ford’s Harbour and Nachvak (Bell, Cat. III., 543); Hopedale (Weiz---Packard).

387. S. sempervirens, L. Harbour Breton (A.C.W.).

388. Tanacetum vulgare, L. Tansy. (Reeks). Trinity Bay and Bay of Islands, here and there. Flora Miq., near dwellings. August, September.

389. Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Dandelion (Dumbledor). Appears to be common throughout Newfoundland about settled places, and at Battle Harbour, and some other places on the Labrador. Flora Miq., common. July. Var. alpine, Koch. Lab: not uncommon along the Labrador coast. Flowers usually very large (W.A. Stearns). Labrador to B. Columbia (Gray, Cat. II., 289). Rocky soil at Nachvak and Nain (Bell, III., 558); Hopedale (Weiz); and Caribou Islands (Butler---Packard).

390. Tussilago Farfara, L. Coltsfoot. S. John’s (Holloway---Macoun). Lower Brook, Bay of Islands (introduced from Nova Scotia). The Flora Miquelonensis notes,---“Erigeron Canadensis, L., Solidago Canadensis, L., Aster tripolium, L., Artemisia borealis, L., Carduus nutans, L., Cineraria carnosa, de la Pel., Hypocharis radicata, mentioned by Gunthier, have not been found” (by us).

*Arthur C. Waghorne. The Flora of Newfoundland, Labrador and St. Pierre et Miquelon.
Proceedings and transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 1898, p. 369-381